Horizon Power CEO Stephanie Unwin stated that Kununara is known for its hot and humid climate, making it a challenging environment for energy storage batteries. By piloting vanadium flow batteries under such extreme conditions, we will gain a deeper understanding of the technology's capabilities and whether it can be effectively integrated into our energy network.    AVL CEO Graham Arvidson said, "This is the first vanadium flow battery project signed by an Australian energy utility company. Vanadium flow batteries are a 'mature' alternative technology to lithium-ion batteries, and their long-term energy storage capacity, high temperature resistance, and excellent cycle life make them unique advantages in the transition to renewable energy. Although this technology is already very mature, due to the lack of suitable usage scenarios for its characteristics in the past, vanadium flow batteries have not been widely applied in regions like Australia. However, with the increasing demand for long-term energy storage in the energy industry, the economic and practical application potential of this battery are becoming apparent    In July 2023, VSUN Energy Pty Ltd, a subsidiary of the Australian vanadium industry, signed an agreement with Horizon Power, an energy supplier in Western Australia, to purchase, install, and commission its first all vanadium flow battery energy storage system in Kununara, Western Australia; In December of the same year, Australian Vanadium Company (AVL) announced that it had built a 33MWh electrolyte production plant in the northern suburbs of Perth, the capital of Western Australia.    The Kununara pilot project will run for 12 months, providing valuable operational experience and technical data for Horizon Power. The project covers an area of over 2.3 million square kilometers and operates the Northwest Interconnection System (NWIS) and Esperance networks in the Pilbara region, as well as microgrids in 34 regional towns and remote communities.   According to the released data, China is currently the largest producer of vanadium flow battery electrolytes and the main force in global production of all vanadium flow batteries. In terms of production, China is a major producer of vanadium. In 2022, the global vanadium metal production was about 100000 tons, and China's vanadium metal production was about 70000 tons, accounting for 70%; Next is Russia, with a    production share of 17%; The third is that the proportion of production in South Africa is 9%.   In terms of reserves, as of 2022, the total global vanadium resources are about 26 million tons, of which China, Russia, South Africa, and Australia have reserves of 9.5 million tons, 7.4 million tons, 5 million tons, and 3.5 million tons respectively, accounting for 36.5%, 28.5%, 19.2%, and 13.5%. (Data organized and transferred from Our World in Data and USGS-MINERAL COMMODITY SUMMARIES 2024)   Vanadium flow batteries have unique long-term energy storage capabilities, and their high temperature resistance and low environmental requirements make them an ideal choice for energy solutions in remote areas. The Kununara project not only provides an important pilot for Western Australia to explore clean energy technology, but also provides reference experience for energy transformation in other extreme environmental areas. With the further maturity of the technology, vanadium flow batteries are expected to be widely applied in more regions, helping to reduce the use of fossil fuels and promote the global transition to sustainable energy.